RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



FIG. 126. Anellaria sepa- 

 rata. A fruit-body 

 which came up spon- 

 taneously on horse dung 

 in a moist chamber at 

 Winnipeg. The ab- 

 normal veil is arachnoid 

 like the cortina of Cortin - 

 arius. Natural size. 



deep-set character. The species of Pan- 

 aeolus and of Anellaria are so nearly alike, 

 except for the ring, that Fries never 

 separated them. The genus Anellaria was 

 subsequently constructed by Karsten * 

 to include the ringed Panaeoli. While 

 this distinction, doubtless, is of some con- 

 venience to field- workers, I cannot help 

 feeling that, from the standpoint of rela- 

 tionship, the view of Fries is the more 

 correct one. The gap between Panaeolus 

 and Anellaria appears to me to be very 

 slight indeed, when compared with the 

 gap between Panaeolus and other genera 

 of Melanosporae, namely, Coprinus and 

 Psathyrella. 



The Production and Liberation of 

 Spores. The organisation of the fruit-body 

 for the production and liberation of spores 

 was found to be the same in all essentials 

 as in Panaeolus campanulatus. The fungus 

 clearly belongs to the Panaeolus Sub-type 

 of the Aequi-hymeniiferae. As a member 

 of the Aequi-hymeniiferae, its gills are 

 wedge-shaped in vertical section and posi- 

 tively geotropic, so that every part of the 

 hymenium in a normally oriented fruit-body 

 comes to look more or less downwards. 

 Moreover, every part of its hymenium 

 (every square mm.) successfully produces 

 and liberates spores during the whole period 

 of spore-discharge. As a member of the 

 Panaeolus Sub-type, its gills are mottled 

 (Fig. 127, D and E). The mottling of its 



1 P. A. Karsten, Rysslands, F inlands och den 

 Skandinaviska Halfong Hattsvampar, Helsingfors, 

 1879, p. 517. 



