ACTION OF PELHAMS. 87 



of the bridle. This tendency seems to be particularly well 

 marked in Pelhams which have a jointed mouth-piece. 



A Hanoverian Pelham is in some repute for making a 

 horse lift up his feet and bend his knees in fashionable style ; 

 probably because it has, as a rule, an irritating effect on his 

 mouth. The gain of action in front will generally be accom- 



Fig. 101. Standing Martingale buckled to Cavasson Nose-band. 



panied by a corresponding loss of action behind. When 

 used by a rider with very fine hands, it often suits hard- 

 mouthed horses, but only of course while they are being 

 hacked or being ridden in a school. In such cases, its 

 value is apparently due to its possession of rollers and joints, 

 the presence of which may tend to keep the mouth " lively." 



