CHAPTER VIII 

 TAKING PICTURES 



1 . What must one know about a camera in order 

 to take good pictures ? 



2. What are the different ways in which films 

 may be developed and prints made ? 



History of photography. The process of taking pictures 

 is now a very simple matter, and any one who wishes may 

 easily learn to take them. But it has not long been so simple. 

 Like other applications of science, photography has gone 

 through many changes, starting from crude beginnings and 

 improving till it has reached its present perfected state. 

 Before photography was possible, two inventions or dis- 

 coveries were necessary, first, the discovery that certain salts 

 are affected by sunlight, and second, the invention of a device 

 by which rays of light from an object could be focused to 

 form an image. 



The first photograph was made in about 1800; but the 

 man who made it was not able to keep the picture after it 

 was taken, because the sun blackened it. About twenty 

 years later a liquid was discovered which made permanent 

 the image formed on the sensitive salts by exposure to light. 

 The first real portraits from life were made about 1840 by 

 the daguerreotype process, the picture being taken on a metal 

 plate. A few years later glass was used. 



The first pictures on glass negatives were taken by the 

 wet-plate process, in which it was necessary to have the plate 



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