224 



SCIENCE OF HOME AND COMMUNITY 



filled (see figure 81) they are sold as comb honey and re- 

 placed by other empty sections (see figure 80) or the honey 

 may be extracted and the same section replaced. The hives 

 should be placed where they are partially shaded. If no 

 shade trees are near, artificial shade may be provided by 

 erecting a wooden roof over the hives. 



Wintering bees. The simplest way to winter bees is to 

 use a chaff hive and allow them to remain outdoors. This 

 hive has double walls separated by a few inches, the inter- 



'A (^ J3 C 



FIG. 83. Appliances for keeping bees: A, bee-escape; B, veil; C, smoker. 



vening space being filled with chaff or similar material. 

 This tends to keep the hive warm in winter and cool in sum- 

 mer. The bees must also have sufficient honey or sirup 

 stored in the combs to furnish them food during the winter. 

 In the most northern states, however, the bees must be 

 wintered indoors. 



Kinds of bees to choose. With the improved strains of 

 bees now used and with modern appliances there is very 

 little chance of being stung while working with bees. The 

 nervous and warlike black bees, which were formerly kept, 

 have now been largely replaced by the much gentler Italians 

 and Carniolans. So gentle are these that many beekeepers 

 never use any protection while handling them. But one 



