MOVING PICTURES 447 



W. Paul. He called his machine the animate-graph. He 

 invented a device by which the film was brought into a 

 fixed position for a very brief space of time, and thus enough 

 light was allowed to pass through to make the images distinct. 

 This was first successfully operated in London in 1895. In 

 the following year a public demonstration was given, and 

 it proved highly successful. This animatograph was intro- 

 duced at the Olympia, where it proved the most attractive 

 feature. The Olympia, then, was the first moving-picture 

 theater; and in Great Britain Robert Paul is called the 

 father of the moving pictures. 



Cinematograph. At the same time that Robert Paul was 

 experimenting with his machine in England, Messrs. Lumi&re 

 and Sons were working on the same problem in France. 

 They perfected a camera for taking the pictures and a pro- 

 jector for throwing them on the screen. They called their 

 machine the cinematograph. These proved successful, 

 and were used in France about the time the Paul machines 

 were first used in England. It was the French cinemato- 

 graph which was introduced into America and laid the 

 foundation for the development of moving pictures in this 

 country. Although it was the invention of an American, 

 Thomas Edison, which made the moving pictures possible, 

 they were developed in both England and France before 

 they were in this country. The first moving pictures to 

 appear in America were exhibited in 1896 at the Eden Muse*e. 



Having noticed briefly the history of the moving pictures, 

 we may consider more carefully how the pictures are pro- 

 duced and how they are thrown upon the screen. 



Making the film. The Eastman Kodak Company alone 

 manufactures about one hundred miles of film daily. In 

 the manufacture of the film, such vegetable materials as 

 flax and cotton waste are used. These are treated with 

 acids, which change the materials to gun cotton. This is 

 then dissolved in wood alcohol, which is spread out in a 



