154 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF [LECT. 



2. The objects belonging to this period do not occur 

 in the river-drift gravel-beds ; 



3. Nor in association with the great extinct mammalia. 



4. They were in use long before the discovery or 

 introduction of metals. 



5. The Danish shell-mounds, or Kjokkemnoddings, 

 belong to this period ; 



6. As do many of the Swiss lake-dwellings ; 



7. And of the tumuli, or burial-mounds. 



8. Rude stone implements appear to have been in use 

 longer than those more carefully worked. 



9. Hand-made pottery was in use during this period. 



10. In Central Europe the ox, sheep, goat, pig, and 

 dog were already domesticated. 



1 1 . Agriculture had also commenced. 



12. Flax was cultivated and woven into tissues. 



13. At least two distinct races already occupied 

 Western Europe. 



1. That there was a period when polished axes and 

 other implements of stone were extensively used in 

 Western Europe is sufficiently proved by the great 

 numbers in which these objects occur : for instance, the 

 Dublin Museum contains more than 2,000, that .of 

 Copenhagen more than 10,000, and that of Stockholm 

 not fewer than 15,000. 



2. The objects characteristic of this period do not 

 occur in the river-drift gravels. Some of the simpler 

 ones, indeed as, for instance, flint-flakes were used 

 both in the Neolithic and Palaeolithic periods, and indeed 

 much later. The polished axes, chisels, gouges, &c., are 

 very distinct, however, from the ruder implements of 



