THE ART OF PREHISTORIC MEN 39 



successive " horizons " in these groups characterized by 

 the remains of man and animals which they contain. 

 They are exhibited in the tabular statement here given 

 in the ascertained order of their succession, and are repre- 

 sented in the southern part of Britain as well as in France. 



HORIZONS OR EPOCHS OF THE PLEISTOCENE 

 OR QUATERNARY SYSTEM 



A. UPPER PLEISTOCENE (post-glacial ; also called epoch 

 of the Reindeer). 



1. The Azilian: (Elapho-Tarandian of Piette) nearest to the Neolithic 



section of the Recent Period and more or less transitional to that 

 period ; named after the cavern of the Mas d'Azil in the department 

 of the Ariege. The Reindeer had largely given place to the great 

 Red Deer (Cervus elephus). 



2. The Magddenian : named after the cave of La Madeleine in the Dordogne. 



3. The Solutrian : after Solutre near Macon. 



4. The Aurignacian : after the grotto of Aurignac in the Haute Garonne. 



B. MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE (period of the last great extension 



of glaciers). 



I . The Moustierian : so named after the cave of Le Moustier in Dordogne ; 

 the epoch of the Neander men. Also called the "epoch of the 

 Mammoth," whilst the upper Pleistocene is called the epoch of the 

 Reindeer, though the Mammoth still survived then in reduced numbers. 



C. LOWER PLEISTOCENE (inter-glacial and early glacial, also called 

 period of the Hippopotamus and of Elephas antiquus and 

 Rhinoceros Merckii). 



1. The Chellian: named after Chelles on the upper Seine, river gravels 



and sands earlier than the Moustierian. Large tongue-shaped flint 

 implements, flaked on both surfaces the later and better-finished 

 classed as " Acheulsean," after St. Acheul, near Amiens. 



2, 3, 4 ... various fluviatile and lacustrine gravels, sands and clays 



divisible into separate successive horizons, as well as marine deposits, 

 some of glacial origin including the mid-glacial gravel, the boulder 

 clays and shelly Red Crag and Norwich Crag (but not the underlying 

 "Coralline" Crag, which must be classed with the Pliocene). The 

 relations of the marine deposits to the older river-gravels and fresh- 

 water deposits, and to the earlier periods of glacial extension indicated 

 by the glacial moraines of central Europe, have not been, as yet, 

 satisfactorily determined. 



