THE ART OF PREHISTORIC MEN 49 



is drawn in black on the wall of a cave at Niaux 

 (Ariege), and Fig. 1 1 is a similar drawing from a cave in 

 the Haute Garonne. Both are remarkable for the exact 

 representation of natural poses of the horse. Figs. 13, A 

 and B, are also from the walls of caves. The latter is 

 remarkable for the large head, short mane, and thick 

 muzzle, which closely correspond with the same parts in 

 the existing wild horse of the Gobi desert in Tartary (to 

 be seen alive in the Zoological Gardens in London). The 

 horse drawn in Fig. 1 1 seems to belong to a distinct race, 

 suggesting the Southern "Arab" horse rather than the 

 heavier and more clumsy horse of the Gobi desert. Fig. 

 13, C, is engraved of the size here given, on a piece of 

 reindeer's antler. It is remarkable 

 for the halter-like ring around the J. ' 

 muzzle. A similar cord or rope is ^^X. 



seen in Fig. 12 and in Fig. 13, A. /u 



The most remarkable horses' 

 heads obtained are those drawn (of FlG> 2 4--Goose: small 



, , ... . N . engraving on reindeer 



the actual size 'of the carvings) in antler (Gourdan). 

 Figs. 14 and 15. Fig. 14 is from 



the cave of St. Michael d'Arudy, engraved on a flat 

 piece of shoulder-bone. It shows what can only be 

 interpreted as some kind of "halter," made apparently 

 of twisted rope (b, c, d\ disposed about the animal's 

 head, whilst a broad, flat piece ornamented with angular 

 marks is attached at the regions marked " a." This and 

 other drawings similar to Fig. 13, C (of which there are 

 many), go far to prove that these early men had mastered 

 the horse and put a kind of bridle on his head. Fig. 15 is 

 a solid all-round carving in reindeer's antler from the cave 

 of Mas d'Azil, Ariege (France). The original is of this 

 size, and is supposed to be one of the oldest and yet is the 

 most artistic yet discovered, and worthy to compare with 

 the horses of the Parthenon. 



