CONTENTS ix 



CHAPTER III 



THE CHOICE OF SPECIES IN ARTIFICIAL REGENERA- 

 TION (Continued) 



ARTICLE PAG E 



1. The Evaluation of the Site Factors 40 



2. The Evaluation of the Site Factors by the Direct Method 40 



3. The Evaluation of the Site Factors by the Indirect Method .... 41 



4. The Choice of Species in Reference to their Suitability for the 



Particular Object in View 43 



5. Species Selected Primarily for the Production of Wood or other 



Useful Products : 44 



6. Species Selected Primarily for the Protection which They Afford . 45 



7. Species Selected for their Esthetic Qualities 46 



8. The Species Selected should be Suitable for Management under the 



Required Silvicultural System 46 



9. The Choice of Species in Reference to their Effect on the Site 48 



10. The Effect of Forest Vegetation on the Climatic Factors 48 



11. The Effect of Forest Vegetation on the Soil Factors 48 



12. The Character of the Forest in Reference to its Beneficial Effect 



on the Site 49 



13. The Age of the Stand in Reference to the Improvement of the 



Site 50 



14. Other Considerations which Affect the Choice of Species 50 



CHAPTER IV 

 THE PRINCIPLES WHICH DETERMINE SPACING 



1. The Density of the Stand from Direct Seeding 52 



2. The Species as a Determining Factor in the Closeness of the 



Stand from Direct Seeding 53 



3. The Quality of the Site as a Determining Factor in the Close- 



ness of the Stand from Direct Seeding 53 



4. Density of the Stand from Direct Seeding in the United States. . 54 



5. The Density of the Stand from Planting 55 



6. Close Spacing and Early Thinnings 56 



7. Wide Spacing and Delayed Thinnings 57 



8. Spacing in Forest Plantations in the United States 58 



9. Spacing in European Practice 59 



CHAPTER V 



THE PRINCIPLES WHICH GOVERN THE COMPOSITION 

 OF THE STAND 



1. Pure Woods Compared with Mixed 61 



2. Pure Crops in Artificial Reproduction 62 



3. Dependent Species in Pure Stands 63 



