94 SEEDING AND PLANTING 



pine grown from seed collected near Eberswalde as compared with 

 seed from more northern localities. Kienitz, 1 in experiments near 

 the same place, records great variation in root and shoot growth, 

 depending upon the soil and climatic conditions under which the 

 mother trees developed. 



Huffel, 2 from observations and investigations at Nancy, France, 

 chows that the locality from which the seed of Scotch pine is de- 

 rived affects to a marked degree the quality of the plants grown. 

 Engler,* from a long series of experiments and investigations in 

 Switzerland, has shown that Scotch pine seedlings decrease in 

 height growth with increase in the altitude of the site from which 

 the seed is obtained and with increase in the latitude. When 

 grown in Switzerland, 1-year seedlings from Scandinavian and 

 East Russian seed complete their height growth from 1 to 2 months 

 earlier than those from Swiss and German seed from low eleva- 

 tions. On low sites with a mild climate the height growth of the 

 plants from seed collected in different localities begins at approxi- 

 mately the same time. On high sites, however, the plants from 

 seed collected on high mountains and in northern latitudes com- 

 menced their height growth earlier than was the case with 

 plants grown from seed obtained from the lowlands of Middle 

 Europe. The terminal growth of plants from seed collected in 

 northern Switzerland and Germany increased with increased tem- 

 perature considerably more than plants from more northern and 

 from alpine seed. The frequent appearance of top drying on pine 

 in high situations when grown from lowland seed is due to the late 

 closing of growth. 



Trees grown from seed of crooked-stemmed, spreading, crippled 

 mother trees are for the most part of poor form. When the poor 

 form of the mother tree is due to weather effect or damage by 

 man or beast, it is not carried over into the next generation 

 through the seed. Poor growth and form, however, due to poor 

 soil and climate is transmitted through the seed. 



1 Kienitz, M.: Formen u. Abarten der gemeinen Kiefer. (Zeitschrift f. 

 Forst- u. Jagdwesen, S. 4-32. 1911.) 



2 Huffel, G.: Influence de la provenance des graines sur la qualite" des 

 plants de pin sylvestre (Revue des Eaux et Foists, pp. 673-682. 1912.) 



3 Engler, A.: Einfluss der Provenienz des Samens auf die Eigenschaften 

 der forstlichen Holzgewasche. (Mitteilungen der schweizerischen Centralan- 

 stalt f. d. forstliche Versuchswesen, VIII. Bd., S. 81-89, 1905; u. X. Bd., S. 

 189-195, 1913.) 



