232 SEEDING AND PLANTING 



Wherever possible, temporary nurseries should be partially 

 surrounded by high forest so as to break the force of the wind. 

 They are usually located on recently felled areas where there is 

 an abundance of organic matter in the soil and are abandoned 

 before the soil deteriorates under successive cropping. Manuring 

 is not necessary. Temporary nurseries are often advantageously 

 maintained in mountainous regions where site conditions rapidly 

 change, as it gives an opportunity to grow each kind of stock in 

 the same vegetative zone as the area to be planted. The cost of 

 transportation is much reduced as the plants are grown on or near 

 the site where they are used. This is an important factor when 

 large trees are used in planting. The time between the lifting of 

 the stock in the nursery and the setting in the plantation is also 

 reduced. Temporary nurseries are usually favored when plant- 

 ing is limited to supplementing natural regeneration, when the 

 stock required varies in amount from year to year, and when 

 only a small number of plants are required. Temporary nurseries 

 are sometimes advantageous on light, sandy soils where the humus 

 is largely in the surface layer. In the formation of the nursery the 

 soil is worked to a depth of but 2 or 3 inches. The first two 

 or three crops of young trees make excellent growth due to the 

 large amount of vegetable mold in the surface soil. 



3. PERMANENT NURSERIES 



Permanent nurseries are usually large and intensively managed. 

 Some of the forest nurseries of Europe have been in existence for 

 more than one hundred years. Permanent nurseries are usually 

 located near the superintendent's residence. A large amount of 

 labor is required in nursery work, particularly for a period of two 

 or three months in the spring. It is highly important, therefore, to 

 locate the permanent nursery where labor is available and wlfere 

 the minimum amount of time is consumed in going to and return- 

 ing from work. It should also be located with reference to inex- 

 pensive and easy transportation. When the stock is distributed 

 by wagon or by pack animals, it is important that the nursery be 

 located so that all parts of the forest can be reached most directly 

 by the established roads and trails. 



A moderate difference in the altitude of the nursery as com- 

 pared with the planting site, even a difference of one or two 

 thousand feet, should not ordinarily necessitate the establishment 



