ESTABLISHING FORESTS BY PLANTING 433 



proved useful in the past and have met with extensive use eiiher 

 in this country or abroad are worthy of consideration. The 

 author in describing the following special planting methods, all of 

 foreign origin, does not believe that they should be extensively 

 used in this country. He does believe, however, that they should 

 be known by practitioners hi the United States in order that advan- 

 tage may be taken of whatever special merits they possess either 

 in reducing the cost of planting or in making success more cer- 

 tain. The more important of these special methods are as follows : 



a. Biermann's planting method. 



6. Grohmann's planting method. 



c. Alemann's planting method. 



d. ManteuffePs planting method. 



e. Cone planting method. 



/. Kozesnik's planting method. 

 g. Splettstosser's planting method. 

 h. Oblique planting. 



19. BIERMANN'S PLANTING METHOD 



This is a method of hole planting that has met with consider- 

 able favor in Europe on certain types of soil and with certain 

 species. It has not been used in the United States. Field plant- 

 ing under this method is carried on as follows: The planting hole 

 is dug more or less symmetrical in form so as to facilitate 

 planting. It can be made with any suitable implement but pref- 

 erably with the spiral borer or with the semi-circular spade. In 

 operating the borer it is gradually forced into the ground by 

 rotating it from right to left. The hole is from 8 to 10 inches 

 deep and two-thirds as wide. In the operation of planting, com- 

 post, turf ashes or other fertilizing material is added to the filling 

 soil which is distributed over the area at suitable points before 

 the planting is begun. In setting the plant a handful of the 

 prepared soil is pressed against one side of the hole. The plant 

 is taken in the left hand just above the collar and the roots 

 brought into contact with the prepared soil in the hole and a second 

 handful brought over and pressed against them. The best of 

 the excavated soil is now brought into the hole and finally the 

 remainder. A vigorous downward pressure of the boot heel at the 

 outer margin of the hole is necessary in order properly to compress 

 the soil (Fig. 134). 



