434 



SEEDING AND PLANTING 



This method is useful on very poor soils where plants are slow 

 to start after planting. It entails considerable additional expense 

 due to the cost of the preparation of the enriched filling soil and 

 its transport and distribution. Its advantages are in the rapid 



FIG. 134. Biermann's planting method. 



A. Setting 1 plant in the hole. B. Setting 2 plants in the hole. 

 a. Enriched sod against the side of hole. 

 6. Enriched sod against the roots. 

 c. Excavated soil, replaced. 



growth of the plants immediately after planting and a diminished 

 loss from summer drought during the first year. 1 The method is 

 simple, suited for all kinds of plants, and can be used on various 

 sites. Its comparatively high cost hardly justifies its introduction 

 into the United States except under special conditions where cost 

 is a secondary consideration. 



20. GKOHMANN'S PLANTING METHOD 



Another method which has for its object the placing of the best 

 filling soil about the roots has been described by Grohmann 

 under the name "overthrow culture." A planting hole is made 

 with a spade and the removed surface soil laid beside the hole. 

 A second hole is then made and the surface soil with its humus 

 content is thrown each time into the bottom of the previously 

 made hole. In planting, the roots are brought into contact with 

 this rich surface soil. When this method is practiced the surface 

 soil must be moist. The lower soil is used to fill the upper por- 

 tion of the planting hole. 2 



1 Gayer, Karl: Der Waldbau. 4. Aufl., S. 364. Berlin, 1898. 



2 Mayr, Heinrich: Waldbau auf naturgesetzlicher Grundlage. S. 421. 

 Berlin, 1909. 



