ESTABLISHING FORESTS BY PLANTING 435 



21. ALEMANN'S PLANTING METHOD 



This method is sometimes used abroad in planting on sod and 

 is also used to a limited extent in the United States. The plant- 

 ing hole is quadrangular in form and the sod is cut through on 

 three sides over a space 

 from 10 to 12 inches square 

 and turned back on the 

 uncut side (Fig. 135) . The 

 soil beneath is thoroughly 

 loosened and the plant in- 

 serted in the center of the 

 planting hole with the FIG. 135.- Alemann's planting method. 



roots spread in their nat- * 5? ed s ? d ^ th /^ gh ^ "^ 

 b. The tree planted and the sod ready to 

 ural position and with the b e replaced, 

 best filling soil about them. 



The inverted sod is cut into two pieces on a line with the tree, 

 brought back into its original position and thoroughly firmed with 

 the feet. 1 The sod is sometimes completely removed, cut into two 

 pieces, and inverted about the plant. It serves as a mulch and 

 keeps the soil beneath from becoming overdry. 2 



22. MANTEUFFEL'S PLANTING METHOD 



Planting on previously constructed ridges or mounds has from 

 early times been recommended for wet areas and on frosty sites. 

 The object is to raise the plants above the standing water and 

 away from the bad effects of the frost. The disadvantages in 

 this method of planting are its high cost, the danger of injury 

 from drought during dry weather and from ants and other inju- 

 rious insects that make their nests in the upraised soil. The 

 mounds or ridges are made in the autumn and the trees planted 

 the following spring. Manteuffel's planting method was developed 

 for planting shallow-rooted species on ordinary upland soils. It 



1 Heyer, Carl: Der Waldbau oder die Forstproduktenzucht. 5. Aufl., 

 1. Bd., S. 359. Leipzig, 1906. * 



2 The term "sod planting" is often applied to planting on inverted sods. 

 This method is sometimes useful in planting on wet, level ground overgrown 

 with grass. The sod is removed in squares from 10 to 12 inches on a side 

 and inverted. Several months later, after it has had time to decay, the 

 trees are planted in the inverted sods. 



