THE FIRST RASPBERRIES 275 



except in garden cultivation, where some protection 

 and the best care could be given it. The Antwerp 

 and the Fontenay, varieties of this species, are still 

 grown by amateurs. 



Early American History 



But, as in the grapes, plums, gooseberries, and 

 other fruits, there are raspberries growing in the 

 woods which quickly lent themselves to domestication 

 as soon as an effort was made to tame them. In 

 fact, they came into cultivation without an invitation, 

 and so little have we cared for their genealogies that 

 it is not until the last six or eight years that any 

 real attempt has been made to discover the botanical 

 affinities of the various types. The first native berry 

 to come into cultivation was called the English Red, 

 the name itself recording the ignorance of its origin. 

 In 1831, when Prince wrote, this was "the only variety 

 at present cultivated to a great extent for the supply 

 of the New York market, and there are probably near 

 one hundred acres of land on Long Island appropri- 

 ated to its culture." Prince was aware of its botani- 

 cal affinities, and he substitutes for the name English 

 Red the truer one of Common Red, and gives it 

 Rubus Americanus for its Latin name. He says that 

 it "is a native of our state, and grows naturally in 

 the Catskill Mountains." "The fruit is one of the 

 earliest at maturity, of medium size, fine flavour, and 

 held in great estimation, as well for the dessert as 

 for making cherry brandy, &c." Prince also men- 

 tions the Virginia Red, which appears not to have 

 been in cultivation; the Pennsylvania!!, a red-fruited 



