352 THE EVOLUTION OF OUR NATIVE FRUITS 



A plant which has long been confounded with 

 Rubus villosus is the Rubus Enslenii, or Rubus Bailey - 

 anus of Britton ("List of Pteridophyta and Sperma- 

 tophyta," 185, 1894). This is a slender plant, with 

 weak spines or none, and almost herbaceous shoots, 

 small flowers mostly in 1- or 2-flowered clusters, and 

 very broad and thin, doubly toothed leaves (Fig. 87). 

 It seems to be a good species. It occurs freely in 

 eastern New York and in Pennsylvania, and I have 

 collected it in southwestern Michigan. It is probably 

 generally distributed in the northwestern states. This 

 is the plant which Torrey had in mind when he 

 founded Rubus villosus var. humifusus (Fig. 77), 

 which has ejected so much unnecessary confusion 

 into the knowledge of the high -bush blackberry, for 

 this blackberry has no trailing forms (page 331). The 

 picture (page 353) is a photograph of Torrey 's origi- 

 nal specimens, collected at West Point. 



The southern dewberry, Rubus trivialis, is repre- 

 sented in cultivation by the Manatee, introduced in 

 1889 by Reasoner Brothers, Manatee, Fla. ; Bauer, 

 sent out in 1890 by Bauer's Nursery, Judsonia, 

 Ark.; Wilson's White, introduced in 1890 by Samuel 

 Wilson, Mechanicsville, Penna. (native of Texas) ; 

 probably the Fairfax, sent out about 1884, by C. A. 

 Uber, Fairfax county, Va. 



The Pacific coast also has a native dewberry, and, 

 like most rubuses, its nomenclature is confused. The 

 species is not only perplexingly variable, but some 

 plants produce only pistillate flowers, others only stami- 

 nate, whereas others bear perfect flowers. It appears to 

 have been first described by Chamisso & Schlechtendal 

 in "LinnaBa," in 1827, as Riibus mtifolius, or vine- 



