368 THE EVOLUTION OF OUR NATIVE FRUITS 



mine what plants he meant to designate, and the names must, 

 therefore, be dropped. Kenriek uses the name Rubus Americanus 

 for the "bush blackberry" in his "New American Orchardist," 

 1833; but he probably had no particular form of blackberry in 

 mind, and, moreover, the name Americanus was earlier used by 

 Persoon and by Prince. 



Rubus flagellaris of Willdenow is a puzzle. The specimens 

 are in the Berlin herbarium, and are well preserved (Fig. 83). 

 Willdenow says that the thing is American, but I have never 

 seen an American plant like it, and it seems to me to be one of 

 the European dewberries. It is a significant fact that this plant, 

 which Willdenow described from cultivated species, is still grow- 

 ing in a number of the botanical gardens of Europe under the 

 name Rubus Canadensis. If it is American, it is a most unusual 

 form, modified by cultivation; but I suspect that it is only a 

 form of a European species, allied to Rubus ccesius. 



The Rubus procumbens of Muhlenberg's Catalogue cannot be 

 identified. I have not been able to discover that he sent any 

 specimens under this name to the European herbaria. 



In 1823, Trattinnick described two species of rubi (Rubus 

 floridus, Fig. 91 ; and Rubus Enslenii, Fig. 87 ' . These have been 

 doubtfully referred to the dewberry of the North. His Rubus 

 floridus is a peculiar and well-marked form of the plant which 

 must now be called Rubus argutus, whereas his Rubus Enslenii is 

 the plant which Britton has recently named Rubus Bailey anus. 



The Rubus suberectus of Hooker, 1833, collected by Eichard- 

 son in the Lake Superior region, is in the herbarium at Kew, 

 and is the plant which we must now call Rubus argutus, Link. 



Of all the American blackberries and dewberries of which 

 types are in the European herbaria, only Michaux's Rubus trivialis 

 has been properly understood; and even this species has been 

 much confounded with forms of the northern dewberry. 



Having now identified the various type specimens in the 

 European herbaria, we are prepared to rename the American 

 species. Before doing this, however, it will be necessary to 

 clarify our minds in respect to the natural groups or species of 

 the plants themselves. While it is to be hoped that the Ameri- 

 can rubi will never be the subject of such minute division as 

 the European congeners have been, it is nevertheless imperative 



