378 THE EVOLUTION OF OUR NATIVE FRUITS 



stems densely clothed with very slender though slightly bent 

 prickles; leaflets usually large, ovate to oblanceolate, pointed, 

 scarcely shining, very strongly toothed; fruit reddish black. In 

 bogs throughout the northern states and southward to Florida 

 and Arkansas. It is distinguished 

 by a light cast of foliage and 

 yellowish prickles. In many cases 

 it looks as if it were a hybrid 

 between a blackberry and red 

 raspberry, and has, in fact, been 

 taken for such. It has ordi- 

 narily, however, been con- 

 founded with E. hispidus, with 

 which it has little in common. 

 The long, slender, and scat- 

 tered bristles and diffuse, open 

 habit distinguish it from its 

 , allies. 



BB. Plant rather low and stiff, 

 very thorny, the under 

 surfaces of the leaves 

 white -pubescent ; fruit 

 Mack. 



RUBUS CUNEIFOLIUS Pursh., 

 PI. Am. Sept. 347 (1814) 

 (Figs. 70, 89). 



A stiff and very thorny plant, 

 growing from one to three feet 

 high ; leaflets obovate, thick, 

 dull green above and white - 

 tomentose below ; petioles armed ; 

 flower-clusters rather small and 

 short, bearing from two to eight flowers, and often leafy 

 below ; fruit medium size, firm, but sweet and often delicious. 

 This species ranges from New Jersey to Florida. In cultiva- 

 tion, it has given us the Topsy, or Tree, blackberry, which is 

 characterized by most vicious thorns. Very strong and verdur- 

 ous shoots of the Sand blackberry bear oblong- ovate leaflets, 



