EUBUS NIGROBACCUS 379 



which are distinctly pointed and deeply notched, and which tend 

 to lose their pubescence. This fact has led to a misunderstand- 

 ing of the species. The garden forms have this character of 

 foliage; in fact, the Topsy, when growing vigorously, almost 

 loses the white color of the leaves, and there is little external 

 appearance to indicate that it belongs to B. cuneifolius. This 

 fact led me to question the origin of the Topsy blackberry from 

 this species, but a study of the plant in its natural haunts, both in 

 the North and the South, has convinced me that it is a direct 

 cultivated offshoot of the sand blackberry. 



BBB. Plant diffuse and mostly tall, thorny, the leaves and in- 

 florescence distinctly glandular - pubescent ; fruit normally 

 black (running into whitish forms). 



8. RUBUS NIGROBACCUS. B. villosus, authors, not Aiton. Common 

 High-bush Blackberry, Long-cluster Blackberry (Figs. 

 59, 60). 



Distinguished by very tall and usually somewhat recurved 

 furrowed stems, strong hooked prickles, three to five large 

 ovate or lance-ovate, very distinctly pointed leaflets, which are on 

 distinct stalks, the middle one being long- stalked and sometimes 

 distinctly heart-shaped; the lower surface of the leaves, as well 

 as the framework of the flower- clusters, are hairy and glandular; 

 the flower-cluster elongated, with the large and showy flowers 

 on pedicels an inch or two long, which stand out at right 

 angles to the main axis; fruits rather firm, long, seedy, mostly 

 sweet or aromatic. This is the prevailing high-bush blackberry 

 of woods and fence rows of the North, and extends as far south 

 as the mountains of North Carolina and west to Iowa, Kansas 

 and Missouri. It is perfectly represented in Fig. 59. In cultiva- 

 tion, it has given the class known as the long-cluster black- 

 berries, of which the Taylor and the Ancient Briton are examples. 

 The reason for the giving of a new name to the common black- 

 berry is explained on pages 366 to 368. 



Var. SATIVCS. B. villosus var. sativus Bailey, Am. Gard. 



xi. 719 (18901. Short-cluster Blackberry (Figs. 61, 62, 63). 



Usually somewhat lower in growth, the leaflets mostly broader 



and less distinctly long-pointed, and the flower clusters distinctly 



