44 SPIROCILETES. 



Cleland in castration-tumours in pigs, and by Cleland 

 and by Bosanquet in ulcerative granuloma. Levaditi 

 found it impossible to cultivate Sp. pallida and Sp. 

 rejringens in collodion sacs in the peritoneal cavities 

 of animals without the simultaneous development of 

 bacterial forms. 



In gangrenous stomatitis the spirochaetes are found 

 most deeply situated in the tissues, the bacilli in the 

 more superficial parts; while in ulcerative granuloma 

 bacilli and spirochaetes are found together deeply situ- 

 ated in the tissues, where it would seem unlikely that 

 merely saprophytic germs would be able to establish 

 themselves. The bacteria do not here resemble any 

 known pathogenic variety. 



The coexistence of trypanosomes with spirochaetes 

 was noted by Theiler in cattle, by Wenyon in mice, and 

 by Petrie in birds (martins). Balfour found spiro- 

 chaetes in intestinal ulcers, in dogs and monkeys, pro- 

 duced by inoculation with trypanosomes (7". dimorphon); 

 but as spirochaetes or spirilla are common in the ali- 

 mentary canals of animals, they may have been only 

 accidentally present in these cases. 1 Gauducheau 

 noted the appearance of spirillar bodies in a culture of 

 amoebae. 2 



The question as to the relationship between spiro- 

 chaetes and other organisms must at present be left 

 undecided. In view of observations recorded in this 

 and in the preceding section the possibility that spiro- 

 chaetes are only one stage in the development of a poly- 

 morphic organism must not be lost sight of as a probable 

 explanation of this association, though it is at present 

 far from proof. 



Balfour, Jour. Trap. Med., 1906. 2 Gauducheau, C. R. Soc. de 

 BioL, 1908, LXIV, 493; Leishman, Jour. R. Army Med. Corps 

 1905, IV, 321; Petrie, Jour, of Hygiene, 1905, V, 195. 



