SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 115 



took the form of a note of interrogation and which he 

 has consequently named Sp. interrogans. They are 14/1 

 and upward in length by about /* in thickness, and the 

 wave-length of the curls is i^ to 2fi. They were situa- 

 ted in the renal cells and in the tubules, but not in the 

 blood-vessels. The disco verv has not been confirmed. 



VARIOUS DOUBTFUL SPIROCH^ETES AND SPIRILLA. 



Adele Oppenheimer found spirochsetes in the mucus 

 of the alimentary canal of the dog; some exhibited 

 snake-like movements (lashing or wriggling), while 

 others had only cork-screw movements, the curls in 

 the body remaining fixed. 



These may correspond with the spirilla discovered 

 by Bizzozero in the dog ; these organisms had three to 

 seven curls, and were 3 to Sft long; they lay within 

 vacuoles in the epithelial cells. Salomon also found 

 spirilla in the intestines of dogs, cats and rats; these 

 were longer, and he distinguished three forms a thick 

 form with seven to nine curls, thicker at the middle 

 than at the ends; a long form with fifteen to twenty- 

 four curls, the axis being often bent ; and a form about 

 as long as the first, but with only two to five wavy 

 curls. They had terminal flagella and lay in the mucus 

 of the alimentary canal and also in vacuoles in the cells. 

 Rigaud found spirilla like Spirochata pallida in the 

 stomachs of dogs and cats, lying at the bottom of the 

 peptic glands. 1 



Spirilla were found by Kowalski in the dejecta of 

 cholera patients, resembling Sp. dentium. They had 

 two to three curls and pointed ends, and did not grow 

 in culture media (Abel) . Rechtsamer found that they 



l Cf. Balfour's discovery of spirochaetes in ulcers of the intestines 

 of dogs and monkeys, recorded on page 44. 



