MORPHOLOGY OF BUDS. 



41 



changes of temperature, they are often lined, or the rudimentary 

 leaves within invested with non-conducting down or wool. 



70. Nature of Bud-scales. That they answer to leaves is made 

 manifest by a consideration of their 



situation and arrangement, which are 

 the same as of the proper leaves of 

 the species ; and by the gradual transi- 

 tions from the former to the latter in 

 many plants. In the Turions, or sub- 

 terranean budding shoots of numerous 

 perennial herbs, and in the unfolding 

 buds of the Lilac and Sweet Buckeye 

 (-ZEsculus parviflora) , every gradation 

 may be traced between bud-scales and 

 foliage, showing that no line of distinc- 

 tion can be drawn between them, but 

 that the two are essentially of the same 

 nature, are different modifications of 

 the same organ. In the Lilac they 

 may be regarded as the blade of the 

 leaf, modified and depauperate ; in the 

 Buckeye (Fig. 233), and therefore in 

 Horsechestnut, as the base of leaf-stalks ; 

 in Magnolia (Fig. 81, 82), in the 

 Tulip-tree, and in the Beech, they are 

 evidently stipules. They must therefore 

 be referred to in the section on the 

 morphology of leaves. (227.) 



71. Naked Buds, &c., of shrubs and 

 trees, even in climates with severe 

 winter, are not unknown, that is, buds 

 unprotected by special scales or other 

 coverings. For example, the latest 

 pair of leaves of the season in Viburnum 

 nuclum, V. lantanoides (Hobblebush) , 

 and the like, remain in a nascent state 

 over winter without covering, and ex- 

 pand into the first foliage in the spring. 



Yet V. Opulus (Snowball, &c.), another species of the same 

 genus and inhabiting the same region, has well-formed scaly * 



FIG. 81. Branch of Magnolia Umbrella, of the natural size, crowned with the 

 terminal bud ; and below exhibiting the large rounded leaf-scars, as well as the rings 

 or annular scars left by the fall of the bud-scales of the previous season. 82. A detached 

 scale from a similar bud ; its thickened axis is the base of a leaf-stalk ; the membranous 

 sides consist of the pair of stipules united with it. 



