PERIANTH, OR FLOWER-LEAVES. 245 



than of typically separate, parts. EleutJieropetalous (literally 

 free-petalled) has also been used, but is inconveniently long. 



444. Degree of coalescence is most correctly expressed by the 

 phrases united (connate, or coherent, or coalescent) at the base, 

 to the middle, or to the summit, as the case may be. But it is 

 more usually and tersely expressed in botanical description by 

 employing terms of division, identical with those used in describ- 

 ing the lobing or toothing of leaves and all plane organs. 

 (184-188.) That is, the calyx or corolla when gamophyllous 

 is for description taken as a whole, and is said to be parted 

 (3-parted, b-parted, &c.), when the sinuses extend almost to 

 the base ; cleft, when about to the middle ; lobed, a general term 

 for any considerable separation beyond toothing ; dentate or 

 toothed (3-toothed, 5-toothed, &c.), when the union extends 

 almost to the summit ; entire, when the union is complete to 

 the summit or border. 



445. Parts of Petals, &c. The expanded portion of a petal, 

 like that of a leaf, is the LAMINA or BLADE : any much contracted 

 base is the UNGUIS or CLAW. The latter is very short in a rose- 



471 



petal, but long and conspicuous in a pink and all flowers of that 

 tribe (Fig. 471), in many Capparideae (Fig. 409) and Cruciferae. 

 A sepal is very rarely distinguishable into lamina and claw. 



446. Parts of Gamophyllous Perianth. The coalescent portion 

 of a corolla, calyx, or of a perianth composed of both (such as 

 a Lily or Crocus-blossom) , so far as the sides are parallel or not 

 too spreading, is its TUBE : an expanded terminal portion, either 

 divided or undivided, is the LIMB or BORDER. The limb may 



FIG. 471. Corolla of Soapwort, of five separate long-clawed or unguiculate petals, 

 with a crown at the junction of claw and blade. 



FIG. 472. Flower of Gilia coronopifolia ; the parts answering to the claws of the 

 petals of the last figure here all united into a tube. 



FIG. 473. Flower of the Cypress-Vine (Iponwea Quamoclit) ; the petals a little farther 

 united into a five-lobed spreading border. 



FIG. 474. Flower of the Ipomnea coccinea ; the five component petals perfectly united 

 into a trumpet-shaped tube, and beyond Into an almost entire spreading border. 



