BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION. 337 



680. The orders, in the first thirteen classes of the Linnaean 

 artificial system, depend on the number of styles, or of the 

 stigmas when the styles are wanting ; and are named by Greek 

 numerals prefixed to the word gynia, used metaphorically for 

 pistil, as follows : 



Order 1. MONOGYNIA, those with one style or sessile stigma to the flower. 



2. DIGYNIA, those with two styles or sessile stigmas. 



3. TRIGYNIA, those with three styles. 



4. TETRAGYNIA, those with four styles. 



5. PENTAGYNIA, those with five styles. 



6. HEXAGYNIA, those with six styles. 



7. HEPTAGYNIA, those with seven styles. 



8. OCTOGYNIA, those with eight styles. 



9. ENNEAGYNIA, those with nine styles. 



10. DECAGYNIA, those with ten styles. 



11. DODECAGYNIA, those with eleven or twelve styles. 



12. POLYGYNIA, those with more than twelve styles. 



681. The orders of class 14, Didynamia, are only two and are 

 founded on the pericarp, namely : 



1. GYMNOSPERMIA, meaning seeds naked, the achenia-like fruits of a 



4-parted pericarp having been taken for naked seeds. 



2. ANGIOSPEKMIA, with the seeds evidently in a seed-vessel or peri- 



carp, i. e. the pericarp undivided. 



682. The 15th class, Tetradj-namia, is also divided into 

 two orders, which are distinguished merely by the form of the 

 pod : 



1. SILICULOSA; the fruit a silicic (561), or short pod. 



2. SILIQUOSA; fruit a silique (561), or more or less elongated pod. 



683. The orders of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22d 

 classes depend merely on the number of stamens ; that is, on the 

 characters of the first thirteen classes, whose names they likewise 

 bear : as MONANDRIA, with one stamen, DIANDRIA, with two 

 stamens ; and so on. 



684. The orders of the 19th class, Syngenesia, are six, namely : 



1. POLYGAMIA ^QUALIS, where the flowers are hi heads (the so-called 



compound flower), and all hermaphrodite. 



2. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA, the same as the last, except that the rays, 



or marginal flowers of the head, are pistillate only. 



3. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA, those with the marginal flowers neutral, 



the others perfect. 



4 POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA, where the marginal flowers are pistillate 

 and fertile, and the central staminate and sterile. 



5. POLYGAMIA SEGREGATA, where each flower of the head [or glom- 



erule] has its own proper involucre. 



6. MONOGAMIA, where solitary flowers (that is, not united into a head) 



have united anthers, as in Lobelia. 



