18 ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE AND 



vegetables, using a reflecting galvanometer of the 

 D' Arson val type. 



In every case the connections were as shown by Fig. 2lA> 

 the needles, except where otherwise mentioned, being left 

 in the object under examination during the whole of the 

 test. The scale limit \vas 250 mm. from a central zero. 

 In every case, also, the fruit or vegetable gave, with the 



Fig. 21 A. CONNECTIONS IN CAPACITY TESTS. 

 x = vegetable cell, 

 a x positive terminal of same. 

 6 = negative 

 c=dry cell 1*3 volts. 

 d=plug switch. 

 G= galvanometer. 



right needle inserted in the stalk end, a constant off-scale 

 negative deflection. 



It is not proposed to give full details, as they might 

 become wearisome, but to summarise the results obtained 

 in each test or series of tests. 



THE ONION. 



With the right needle to the root and the left needle 

 to the foliage end it gave a constant, fairly rapid, off-scale 

 negative deflection. Five minutes' charge from a cell of 

 1-5 volts positive to root and negative to foliage merely 



