64 STUDIES IN GARDENING 



plenty of vegetable matter in it, and a fairly cool 

 place. It is an excellent plant for the north side of a 

 large rock garden. There is a rare white form, and 

 also a yellow one which often appears in a batch of 

 seedlings, but is inferior to the type. 



Aquilegia canadensis has light scarlet and yellow 

 flowers, long-spurred, but smaller than those of A. 

 caerulea. It has also a stronger constitution, and 

 will flower well in our gardens for some years. Aqui- 

 legia chrysantha is another long-spurred species from 

 North America, with soft yellow flowers. It is a very 

 vigorous species, almost as vigorous as A. vulgaris; 

 and there are several varieties of it, including a double 

 one. It deserves a place in every garden. Aquilegia 

 californica is yellow and orange, and also a vigorous 

 tall-growing plant. It has produced several hybrids, 

 some superior to both species. Aquilegia Skinneri, 

 a species from Central America, is also red and yellow, 

 and a very bright-coloured flower. It has been used 

 a good deal in hybridization; the hybrids with A. 

 vulgaris are more vigorous than the species, and very 

 various in colour and form. A. Skinneri itself, coming 

 from a hot climate, is not very vigorous in our gar- 

 dens, particularly in a heavy or cold soil. Aquilegia 

 Jaeschkanii is a hybrid, also with yellow and red 

 flowers. 



There are several species of columbines from Si- 

 beria; but the only one well known is Aquilegia glan- 

 dulosa. This resembles Aquilegia caerulea in colour 

 and in the delicacy of its beauty; but it is more com- 



