PEDIGREES AND THEIR VALUE 43 



breed during the period between 1910 and 1920, being used 

 during this time in very superior Ohio and Iowa herds. 



This form of pedigree shows the bull Villager to be sired 

 by Village Beau, a bull bred by William Duthie, a noted 

 Scotch breeder. Villager's dam is Rosy Cloud. She was 

 bred by C. H. Jolliffe, and her sire was Chorister, also bred 

 by William Duthie. The grandam of Villager was Rosy 

 Dawn; his great-grandam, Rose Blossom; his great-great- 

 grandam, Roselinty; etc. This pedigree goes back ten gen- 

 erations, emphasizing the ancestry of Villager on his mother's 

 side, with the sire of each female in this breeding. Except 

 for the sire, the ancestry on that side of the pedigree is 

 entirely left out, and with only a part of the breeding on the 

 dam's side given. While it is true that the dam's pedigree 

 is thus carried out much further than in the bracket form, 

 what one should know most about is the near relationship 

 all through, for at least four generations. A Shorthorn pedi- 

 gree of this form shows to a more or less degree the tribe or 

 family to which the animal belongs, which in this case is the 

 Rosebud, which started in the herd of S. Campbell, a famous 

 breeder of Kinellar, Scotland. In reference to this pedigree, 

 after the name of each male a number is given. This indi- 

 cates his registry number in the Shorthorn herd-book. 

 When written in parenthesis, it is the English Shorthorn 

 herd-book number. Formerly only the herd-book volume 

 and page was given for Shorthorn cows, but now the females 

 registered in America are given numbers, as is customary with 

 all other breeds. The line of female descent pedigree is not 

 the best, and breeders generally should use the bracket form. 



The amount of ancestry shown in a pedigree naturally 

 depends upon how far back it traces and its completeness 

 from generation to generation. The following tabular state- 

 ment is given by Davenport,* which shows in a rather strik- 

 ing way the percentages of blood in a pedigree at different 

 points for ten generations. 



*Principled of Breeding. E. Davenport, 1907, page 595. 



