SUGGESTIONS TO YOUNG BREEDERS 



ear, although metal tags are also frequently used with these 

 animals. The hoofs of horses are at times stenciled with num- 

 bers, especially in case of importation. Sometimes the horns 

 of cattle are marked in a similar way. On the ranges, cattle 

 and horses are branded, and sheep are given marks with 

 paint, by which owner- 

 ship may be identified. 

 Some of our breeds of 

 dairy cattle, especially 

 those of different body 

 colors, are identified by 

 the location of color 

 marks on the body. For 

 example, when applying 

 for registry of a Holstein- 

 Friesian, it is necessary 

 to trace on a diagram 

 showing the outline of 

 body form, the shape or outline of each 

 marking. A copy of these outlines 



Figure 14. Branding numbers on the hoof 

 of a horse. Picture taken in France of a 

 horse to be exported. Photograph by the 

 author. 



black spot, or 

 is made on the 

 certificate of registry, so that identification is made easy. 

 Every breeder, as a matter of good policy, should have a 

 system of individual identification of the animals in his herd. 

 Literature relating to the breeds should be made use of 

 by every one who owns pure-bred live stock. There are 

 standard books sold by publishing houses, in which one may 

 obtain a large amount of valuable information regarding the 

 breeds. There are also current periodicals devoted exclu- 

 sively to promoting the interests of particular breeds, which 

 should be well supported by the breeders of the same. Each 

 of the different breed associations registering pure-breds, 

 publishes herd-books, in which will be found the names and 

 numbers of registered animals, with information as to dates 

 of birth, names of breeders and owners of sires and dams, 

 etc. These books should be on the shelves of the stockman 



