FEEDING STANDARDS: ORIGIN AND USE 



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tein per day, and that the total net energy in the ration will 

 equal five therms. This new standard has hardly been long 

 enough before the public to be well known, and has been 

 used but little in practice but may grow in favor. 



Feeding standards for dairy cows have received quite a 

 large amount of special study, especially by Professors T. L. 

 Haecker, of Minnesota Experiment Station, F. W. Woll, first 

 of Wisconsin and later of the California station, G. C. 

 Humphrey, of Wisconsin station, E. S. Savage, of Cornell 

 University station in New York, and C. H. Eckles, of Mis- 

 souri and Minnesota stations. Professor Haecker was the 

 pioneer in this work, and, after many years of careful 

 feeding of dairy cows, he concluded that the feed for a cow 

 producing milk should be based not only on the daily yield of 

 milk, but also on the amount of butter-fat the milk contained. 



The Haecker standard for dairy cows first assumes that 

 with a standard weight of 1,000 pounds, the cow independ- 

 ent of milk production requires a maintenance ration of 0.7 

 pound of crude protein, 7.0 pounds of carbohydrates and 

 0.1 pound of fat. Then for each 100 pounds live weight the 

 cow exceeds or falls below 1,000 pounds, there is added or 

 subtracted one tenth of the standard ration. The following is 

 a part of the Haecker standard, given simply for illustration. 

 Haecker's Feeding Standard for a Dairy Cow. 



Prof. Savage has sought to improve this ration some- 

 what, by increasing the protein requirements per pound of 



