198 



A STUDY OF FARM ANIMALS 



"His work usually consists of a more or less complex 

 combination of the following simple kinds: 



"(1) Locomotion, or traveling along a level course without 

 a load ; 



"(2) Raising the body, with or without a load, against the 

 force of gravity in ascending a grade; 



"(3) Carrying a load, draft, or hauling a load. 



"A horse drawing a load up a hill combines all these 

 types. He is (1) advancing and at the same time (2) rais- 

 ing his body. Likewise, he is (3) carrying the harness and 

 (4) hauling the load. In descending the hill, the horse will 

 be called upon to perform even a fifth type of labor, bracing 

 himself to prevent too rapid a descent." 



Feeding standards for the horse have been in use for a 

 long time, and, on the basis of what has already been stated, 

 the necessity for different standards is very apparent. Here 

 weight and work are the two vital factors. The following 

 is the modified Wolff-Lehmann standard for horses, as given 

 by Henry and Morrison.* 



FEEDING STANDARDS FOR HORSES 



Required per day per 1,000 Ibs. live weight 



It is interesting to note in this standard, that a horse at 

 heavy work requires from 5 to 8 pounds more dry matter 

 and from 8.9 to 10.5 pounds more total digestible solids 

 than one that is idle. A substantial increase in work! of a 

 permanent nature should be accompanied by a marked in- 

 crease in the protein and total digestible nutrients fed, 

 with a narrowing of the nutritive ratio. 



The preparation of the feed for a horse is important. 

 The horse has a comparatively small stomach, and so, as his 



*Feeds and Feeding. 1917 



