220 A STUDY OF FARM ANIMALS 



other families. The Ceilings, Bates, and the Booths were 

 famous as among the greatest improvers of Shorthorn cattle 

 that have ever lived in England. 



Early in the nineteenth century a Scotchman by the 

 name of Robertson introduced the first Shorthorns to Scot- 

 land and began breeding them on his estate at Ladykirk on 

 the banks of the Tweed. This was in the South. In 1829 

 Captain Barclay brought the first cattle of the breed to 

 north Scotland. In 1837, up in Aberdeen, where the winters 

 are cold and rough, and the soil not the richest, Amos Cruick- 

 shank began breeding Shorthorns, and at the time of his 

 death was the greatest breeder in the history of Scotland. 

 He developed what are known to-day as "Scotch Short- 

 horns." They are noted for their early maturity, compact 

 forms, strong constitutions, and fine killing qualities. Scotch 

 cattle seemed to produce less milk than those bred by Bates, 

 but were thicker-fleshed, so that butchers liked them better. 

 Cruickshank produced quite a number of the most popular 

 families of to-day, among which the Brawith Bud, Clipper, 

 Duchess of Gloster, Lovely, Orange Blossom, Spicy, Venus, 

 Victoria, and Violet may be mentioned. Two other great 

 Scotch breeders have played a leading part in Shorthorn 

 history, on account of their constructive breeding, William 

 Marr, of Uppermill, and William Duthie, of Collynie. 



The distribution of Shorthorns is world-wide. It is the 

 most common breed of English-speaking countries, and more 

 great improvers of live stock have been found among Short- 

 horn breeders than any other one breed. So common is the 

 Shorthorn, and so well is it suited to different conditions, 

 that long ago it was nicknamed "The Universal Intruder." 



The introduction of the Shorthorn to America occurred 

 in 1783, when a few were imported into Virginia by Gough 

 and Miller. These men imported still others about 1792. 

 From this time on the Shorthorn continued to be brought to 

 the American states along the Atlantic coast. In 1834 a very 



