JUDGING DAIRY CATTLE 



295 



incurving, meaning that from the point of the rump, or 

 pin bone, each thigh curves slightly for a distance towards 

 the body before curving outward to form the top of the 

 hock. The tail should have a neat placing on the body, and 

 its fleshy part should hang in a perpendicular position to the 

 hocks, showing considerable space between it and the thigh 

 as viewed from one side. A beefy character of any part of 

 the hind quarter is very undesirable. The tendency is to 

 show fleshiness at the top of the rump over the hips and 

 pin bones and on the thighs. A straight, wide carriage of 



the legs is most essential, as 

 has already been explained and 

 as will be brought out further 

 on in relationship to the udder. 

 The mammary develop- 

 ment of the cow includes the 

 udder, teats, and milk veins 

 and wells. It is necessary to 

 examine this part carefully 

 with both eye and hand. 



The udder consists of two 

 large glands suspended between 

 the legs. One gland is the right 

 half of the udder, and the 

 other the left. Each gland is also divided into two halves, 

 known as quarters. As we view the udder at one side, we 

 see the front and hind quarters of the gland. The form of 

 udder that is most approved follows the line of a circle in 

 part, although we look for the rear portion to be carried up 

 high beyond the line of the circle, and the fore part to extend 

 well along under the belly, on a uniform level. These udder 

 lines above and below extend beyond the circle. Viewed 

 from the rear, the udder should appear thick, and should 

 occupy completely the space between the thighs, and extend 

 up high along the thigh. Examination with the hand should 



Figure 121. Judging dairy cattle. 

 Estimating the length of rump. 

 Photograph from The Farmer. 



