DISEASES AND AILMENTS OF POULTRY 531 



covered with yellowish spots varying from very small size 

 to as much as a half inch in diameter. The intestines are 

 also often extensively covered with tubercles. In fact the 

 disease in advanced stage affects all the internal organs, and 

 even the skeleton itself. 



There is no remedy for this disease. All known affected 

 birds should be killed and burned, and the poultry houses 

 and yards be thoroughly disinfected. Whitewash should be 

 freely used in the houses. As the disease is known to be 

 transmitted through the eggs, care should be taken to see 

 that eggs for setting, as well as purchased fowls, come from 

 healthy flocks. If fowls roam among droppings from 

 tubercular cattle or swine, the disease may be contracted. 



Gapes is a parasitic disease due to small worms attached 

 to the inside of the windpipe. These worms increase and 

 finally choke the chicken, which gapes for breath, hence the 

 name. Unless the worms are removed, death may ensue. 

 The female worm while in the windpipe produces many eggs, 

 which are either sneezed out by the fowl or are swallowed 

 and passed off in the droppings. In a few days, under favor- 

 able conditions, these eggs hatch, and the young worms re- 

 main alive in the soil a long time or may be picked up by 

 the chickens and the trouble thus be continued. A common 

 treatment recommended is to take a long horse hair and twist 

 the ends together to make a loop. By holding the chick's head 

 in one hand, the neck extended, the bill wide open, one may 

 insert the hair loop down the windpipe about an inch, give 

 it two or three turns, and then withdraw, in which event 

 several worms will come out. It is recommended to dip 

 the hair loop in a solution of creolin, one teaspoonful to a 

 quart of water, before placing in the windpipe. Turpentine 

 is also used in the same manner. This will destroy worms 

 by contact. It is also suggested that the creolin solution 

 may be sprayed in the throat with a common atomizer, which 

 will kill the worms so that the chick may cough them up. 



