82 SYMBIOGENES1S 



distribution, and palaeontology," but I maintain that beside and 

 beyond these, the bio-economic past of a species is of the 

 highest significance in that historical sequence of events and 

 that its recognition will permit a more definite and rational 

 account of the operation of biological dynamics than has 

 hitherto obtained. Failing this recognition, Prof. Klebs is 

 driven to speak of a mysterious "inner world" of organisms 

 which is " hidden from our ken " ; which I take to mean no 

 more than the resultant effects of ancestral conduct and the 

 accumulation of biological values. 



To emphasize still more what it is thus intended to supply 

 by the terms " symbiotics " and " anti-biotics," we may once 

 more let Prof. Klebs speak. 



The production of form in every plant depends upon processes in 

 the interior of the cells, and the nature of these determines which 

 among the possible characters is to be brought to light. In no single 

 case are we acquainted with the internal process responsible for the 

 production of a particular form. All possible factors may play a part, 

 such as osmotic pressure, permeability of the protoplasm, the degree of 

 concentration of the various chemical substances, etc. ; all these factors 

 should be included in the category of -internal conditions. This inner 

 world appears the more hidden from our ken because it is always 

 represented by a certain definite state, whether we are dealing with a 

 single cell or with a small group of cells. These have been produced 

 from pre-existing cells and they in turn from others; the problem is 

 constantly pushed back through a succession of generations until it 

 becomes identified with that of the origin of species. 



The problem of the origin of species is thus quite rightly 

 seen to merge itself in that of form-production, which we have 

 seen to be one of Bio-Economics and the related Bio-Chemistry. 

 Hence the study of Bio-Economics is of the utmost importance 

 as complementing that of comparative morphology, of the 

 history of development, of paleontology, etc. Bio-Economics 

 declare that it is work with its correlations and accumulations 

 that determines form. Prof. Klebs unwittingly states, or 

 rather implies, the same in so many words: 



The ' ' inner world is not a constant factor . on the contrary, it 

 appears to be very variable. The dependence of variable internal on 



