84 SYMBIOGENESIS 



the combined dynamics of domestic and biological symbiosis 

 and the dependence of all progressive development on symbio- 

 genesis, and he further remarks that correlations must be con- 

 ceived as "of the greatest importance as aids to an under- 

 standing of form-production," which we must now understand 

 to mean biological as much as domestic correlations. 



It is interesting that the same biologist who is so well 

 qualified to express an opinion on these matters points out 

 that: " According to the modern standpoint, the living cell is 

 a complex chemico-physical system which is regarded as a 

 dynamical system of equilibrium (a conception suggested by 

 Herbert Spencer), which has acquired a constantly increasing 

 importance in the light of modern developments in physical 

 chemistry." 



The dynamic view of organisation which, of course, was 

 applied by Spencer also to complex organisms moving 

 equilibria is thus in harmony with the views of modern 

 experimental science. I claim that the demonstration of the 

 bio-economic and symbiogenetic method by which accumula- 

 tions of organic powers and organic wealth are achieved, 

 makes the dynamic view which now commends itself to modern 

 experimental morphologists much more acceptable. It will 

 be worth while here to consider Herbert Spencer's dynamic 

 views at some length and to see whither they must lead. 



In his Principles of Biology, Herbert Spencer mentions 

 the well-known facts that the actions of organisms entail 

 reactions on them, and that specialities of action entail 

 specialities of reaction. He adds, however : " Here it remains 

 to be pointed out that the special actions and reactions do not 

 end with temporary changes, but work permanent changes." 



"Limited increase of size produced in any organ by a 

 limited increase of its function, is not maintained unless the 

 increase of function is permanent." 



This fact we are all familiar with. Spencer also notes 

 that: "It seems that in each species of organism, there is a 

 margin for functional oscillations on all sides of a mean state, 



