170 SYMBWGENES1S 



transmission. Yet " Selection " is supposed at once rigidly to 

 destroy all injurious variations ! 



" But the advantage of the differentiation of individuals in 

 two sexes is dependent upon the alternative occurrence of 

 particular characters." Precisely. It is dependent on the 

 previous establishment or evolution of values in general and of 

 reciprocal values in particular ; and, as I have said, every new 

 value is in a certain sense an alternative to an old value. The 

 more values the more need of specialisation. Also, the higher 

 the forms of specialisation (provided always a symbiogenesis is 

 maintained and is gaining over retrogression), the greater 

 becomes the aggregate output of values. The arrival of genius 

 is largely due to the reciprocities of sex "das ewig weibliche 

 zieht uns hinan " and it means a new dispensation in the 

 biological sphere as well as in the human. 



Certain it is that nothing is more detrimental to the 

 "occurrence" (production) of highly specialised alternative 

 sex " characters," as also to the production of values generally, 

 than cessation of work. 



And thus we see that with the explanation of symbio- 

 genesis and with a proper qualitative analysis, genetic problems 

 are not so terribly puzzling as is generally represented. Prof. 

 Bateson states that : 



By following up the evidence ae to segregation, indications have been 

 obtained which can only be interpreted as meaning that when many 

 factors are being simultaneously redistributed among the germ-cells, 

 certain of them exert what must be described as a repulsion upon other 

 factors, 



and that we cannot surmise whither this discovery may lead us. 

 We must urge that the explanation lies in "values," in the 

 fact of attractions, distributions, re-arrangements and sub- 

 stitutions according to values and also of an antagonism which 

 for clearly recognisable bio-economic reasons must always 

 exist between the biologically good and the bad, and to a lesser 

 extent between the good and the better. So far, without this 

 explanation, the phenomena seem to indicate " chance," and 



