BIONOMICS 281 



view. It is precisely the fuller study of mutual nutritional 

 relations, of reciprocal relations, and of use-relatedness 

 generally, that provides, as we have seen, the valid point of 

 view of advance and of status. 



As regards the subject of interactions determining 

 development, Prof. Paton contents himself with a mere passing 

 reference to the " Struggle for Survival," which can now no 

 longer be considered satisfactory.* "C'est en effet une applica- 

 tion bien vague," as Bougie has it, " que Pexpression 

 classique : les etres luttent pour I'existence." 



* A more advanced view is that of a writer on Evolution in Chambers'^ Encyclo- 

 pedia who emphasises the nature and decree of relations to offspring as providing 

 tkey to the greater aspects of classification. " Thus our ethical difficulty at length 

 isappears, since the greater steps of advance in the organic world compel us to 

 interpret the general scheme of evolution as primarily a materialised ethical process 

 underlying all appearances of ' a gladiator's show.' " 



