PSYCHOGENESIS 355 



further, as though the endowment varies with the degree of 

 contribution to biological utilities, and that both general 

 endowments and status were in direct proportion to the output 

 of biologically useful work. 



From such facts as these we have indeed essayed to deduce 

 a rational scale of biological values with the aid of which to 

 make profounder biological computations than has hitherto 

 been possible. 



"We have spoken of symbiogenesis, the mutual production 

 and symbiotic utilisation of biological values by the united 

 and correlated efforts, i.e., work, of all strenuous organisms, as 

 resulting in a progressive transmutation of physiological 

 currency of every description. In this organic "alchemy" 

 we have so far only casually alluded to the simultaneous 

 synthesis of mind, although, of course, it is of the utmost 

 importance, and may be said to represent the very essence of 

 the evolutionary process. 



The importance of mind in evolution will be evident from 

 a consideration of the famous Hering-Butler theory anent 

 memory and heredity. 



By advancing the theory that memory and heredity are 

 practically identical, both men have rendered a signal service 

 to modern thought, and Butler, in particular, by his insistence 

 on the importance of that theory and by his brilliant and 

 incisive criticism of Darwinism, Wallacism and Weismannism, 

 has deserved, in my opinion, to rank high amongst 

 " correctores." 



It is in no small measure due to the heroic and totally 

 unrequited labours of Samuel Butler, and in particular to his 

 vindication of mind, that saner biological views than those of a 

 generation ago are now emerging on every hand. Only those 

 in somewhat similar position in championing unpopular 

 thought can fully sympathise with the following remark of 

 his : " I am aware that what I may say on this head is likely 

 to prove more interesting to future students of the literature 

 of descent than to my immediate public." 



Y 2 



