PSYCHOGENESIS 359 



reminds us again that such capitalisation is not complete with- 

 out a simultaneous capitalisation of psychological values. 

 Length of days requires memory, and memory, like progressive 

 survival, requires long symbiogenetic roots, i.e., continuous 

 symbiotic and altruistic relations, both so far as progeny and 

 the biological environment are concerned. The wisdom that is 

 said to be the companion of length of days is one that is mainly 

 based on a sympathetic attitude towards life, which not only 

 renders possible gradual capitalisation of physiological and 

 mental values, but also forms the basis of the evolution of the 

 higher feelings. Let us take an example. The parrot and the 

 higher apes rank high in the biological scale by their powers of 

 articulation (mimicry), by their sagacity, their social habits, 

 and their longevity. Most prominent among the factors which 

 have produced this result is that of strict cross-feeding, i.e., 

 their evolutionary path has been one of tolerable biological 

 symbiosis, tolerable symbiogenesis. 



The fact, moreover, that the examples of longevity are not 

 confined to animals, seems a further confirmation of the view 

 that longevity is connected with a fundamental symbiogenetic 

 principle. We saw how the highly symbiotic lichens are 

 characterised by slow grow r th and by longevity, and how this 

 was closely bound up with their bio-economic and related bio- 

 chemical functions. 



We may, therefore, similarly consider memory as closely 

 bound up with the gradual symbiogenetic transformation of the 

 organic world; whatever mental "chemistry" there is being 

 closely associated with the Bio-chemistry of the particular 

 species. In this sense the old scholastic saying, that " Nihil 

 est in intellectu quod non fuerit prius in sensu," is only too 

 true. Butler continues: 



Take this view and the very general sterility of hybrids from being 

 a crux of the theory of descent becomes a stronghold of defence. It 

 appears as part of the same story as the benefit derived from judicious, 

 and the mischief from injudicious, crossing; and this, in its turn, ie 

 seen as part of the same story, as the good we get from change of air 

 and scene when we are overworked. 



