PSYCHOGENESIS 377 



term which, I doubt not, in the opinion of many who see 

 nothing but " luck " in the evolutionary process savours too 

 much of design. Sceptics, however, should remember that 

 "love-foods" are literally possessed of "aroma" (aromatic 

 substances vitally important in nutrition and in growth), the 

 peculiar appeal of which to the biological complements may be 

 fitly described as representing "design" in the respective 

 relations. We have seen that "love-foods" serve a wide bio- 

 logical " purpose" concurrently with their utility for domestic 

 purposes. 



At a first glance it appears like chance when, say, an 

 insect or a bird comes across a grain of " love-food," which the 

 plant apparently only produces for its own purposes. It is by 

 a mere accident, so it is thought, that the animal " devours " 

 this grain only just because it " happens " to like it, or because 

 it is hungry, and, in keeping with this " chance-view," the 

 plant is very generally referred to as a typical, though 

 accidental, producer, and the animal as a typical, equally 

 accidental, depredator. 



It is a wonderful kind of "chance," however, which has 

 equipped these same "love-foods" with their remarkable 

 "aroma" of design, their actual physical aroma, their high 

 biological suitability, and, in short, with their symbiogenetic 

 value ! Certainly there we have a chance which in Butler's 

 sense is wedded to design ! Surely, if there be no other 

 kind of design, there must always remain with us that 

 design which is calculated to solve and in various ways to meet 

 the bio-economic problem which in a sense may be looked 

 upon as the central issue of evolution. In Evolution by 

 Co-operation I have already contrasted what one might call 

 the " chance" view with the bio-economic view. 



Thus, according to Dr. Wallace, it is chance which deter- 

 mines survival. Says he: " It is usually the amount of 

 destruction which an animal or plant is exposed to, not its 

 rapid multiplication, that determines its numbers in any 

 country"; and, as he further states: "The abundance of a 



