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foundation of all psychological, as well as physical knowledge. 

 Thus the imperfect and variable organs of sensation are made to 

 supercede the eternal and unchangable laws of science. It is 

 true the mind takes cognisance of the material world by the aid 

 of these senses; but they are connected with the lowest extreme 

 of the intellect the perceptive faculty ; hence all the testimo- 

 ny received through this source must, before it can be relied on, 

 be examined by the reasoning Faculty by the fixed laws of 

 science, as developed by the constitution of the mind itself. The 

 reasoning power is the highest extreme of intellect, and in accor- 

 dance with the true system of science, which reveals the law of 

 subordination ; the highest always supercede the lowest branch- 

 es. This will be understood in regard to the mind by showing 

 the systematical arrangement as it is developed by its relation to 

 matter. The first division includes the perceptive powers , the 

 second, the retentive power; the third, the reasoning power.* 

 The perceptive faculties are the lowest the first developed ; 

 they predominate in the infancy of individual life, and in the 

 earliest period of the human race. In the savage state, percep- 

 tion predominates over reason. The savage believes his senses. 

 He says the world is flat, and the sun moves round, and actually 

 rises and sets. This is the testimony of the external senses, 

 which it is the office of reason to correct, and reason is predica- 

 ted on the intuitive principles of mind, from which there is no ap- 

 peal therefore, it is clear that induction is useful only when 

 rightly applied. But without deduction it is a baseless fabric. 

 Man need not sin in this world, and then pass to the next, in or- 

 der to prove by experiment that sin is necessarily connected with 

 punishment. He knows this from the laws of science. He 

 wants no facts brought forth by the inductive principle of experi- 

 ment to prove it. In this as in all other cases the principles of 

 mind are corroborated by divine revelation. Religion stands be- 

 tween the mental and divine departments. The law of duty is 

 implanted in the moral constitution of the mind. Religion re- 



* These divisions show the developement of the intellectual powers in relation to the 

 material world, while the analysis of intellect, given in the Synopsis shows their arrange- 

 ment in the mind, iuifs more mature state- 



