1)4 



EMBRYOLOGY. 



DUVAL has proved by means of sections, part of which was made in 

 a transverse direction, and part in the sagittal, that the Bird's egg is 

 now in the gastrula stage. Especially instructive are the two median 



Tig. 52 A. The unincubated germ-disc of a Hen's egg, after KOLLER. 



d, Yolk ; ksch, germ-disc ; s, crescent ; V and //, anterior and posterior margins of the germ-disc. 

 B. The germ-disc of a Hen's egg during the first hours of incubation, after ROLLER. 

 d, Yolk ; ksch, germ-disc ; Es, embryonal shield ; s, crescent ; sk, knob of the crescent ; V and H, 

 anterior and posterior margins of the germ-disc. 



sections, figs. 53 and 54. As is to be seen at once in fig. 53, which re- 

 presents the somewhat younger stage, the crescentic groove described 

 as occupying the posterior part of the marginal ridge (vl) is continued 

 in the form of a narrow fissure (ud). Whereas in the blastula stage 



(fig. 51) the lower cell- 



hi vl ud ak ik ii-d dk dk i j 



layer passed over con- 

 tinuously into the white 

 yolk, it is now sharply 

 separated from it as far 

 as the fissure extends. 

 In fig. 53 this separation 

 has been completed only 

 in the posterior half of 

 the germ-disc ; in the 



fig. 53. Longitudinal section through the germ-disc of an 



unincubated egg of the Siskin (Carduelis spinus), after 



ak, Outer, it, inner gem-layer ; wd, white yolk ; dk yolk- 

 uncle!; ud, coelenteron ; rl, anterior lip, hi, posterior lip 

 attheplaceofinvaginationCcrescenticgrooveorblastopore) 



anterior half, on the con- 

 trary, embryonic cells 

 (dk) and yolk are still 

 continuous. However, 

 in the somewhat older 



stage (fig. 54) the connection is terminated in this region also 

 since the fissure (ud) has extended itself nearly to the anterior 

 margin of the disc (vr). In consequence of this process the part of 

 the white yolk which lies beneath the fissure has become destitute of 

 Us and nuclei, with the exception of the marginal territory, where 



