SUGAR-CANE BRAND 217 



iii. p. 202 (1851). Clustered outgrowths up to one inch 

 long, longitudinally wrinkled, and capitate, are produced, 

 the violet spore-mass being formed in the swollen head or 

 apex of the outgrowths. Much hypertrophy and modifica- 

 tion of anatomical structure occurs at the diseased points. 

 Galls are also sometimes formed in the inflorescence. 



The host is Polygonum chinense, and the disease is known 

 from India and Java. 



Ustilago esculenta, P. Henn. This fungus causes con- 

 siderable distortion or swelling of the stem of Zizania lati- 

 folia, and the diseased portions are sold as a vegetable in 

 the market of Hanoi, Tonkin. In Japan it is sold in the 

 apothecaries' shops under the name of Zizania root-char- 

 coal; the dark spores are used by those having thin eye- 

 lashes to make them look darker, and mixed with oil they 

 are used by women having thin or grey hair. The spores 

 are also much used in Japan in the lacquer industry, to 

 produce rust-coloured ware when mixed with lac. 



Miyabe, Bot, Mag., vol. ix. No. 99, 1895. 

 Hennings, Hedw., vol. xxxiv. p. 10, 1895. 



SUGAR-CANE BRAND 



(Ustilago sacchari, Rabenh.) 



The leaves are attacked, more especially the upper ones, 

 while yet unexpanded and embracing each other, the 

 whole being converted into a projecting, discoloured, 

 tendril-like production. 



Wakker and Went, De Zeiktm van Het Snikerriet op 

 Java, p. 24, pi. 2. 



