Chap. 12.] ' Earth and sttmofpbere. 47 



agreement with that of the atmofphere than with that 

 of the earth. Near Marfeiiles, Dr. Raymond found 

 the fand frequently -heated to 160, but never found 

 the fea hotter than 77% and even this degree of heat ic 

 appeared to receive chiefly by its communication with 

 the'land, for on the ipth of July, 1765, he found that 

 part of the bay, which was next the land, heated to 

 74, while the middle was 72, and the entrance only 

 70. In winter, he obferved the earth cooled down 

 frequently to 14 or 15, but the fea never lower than 

 44 or 45. 



It is by the temperature of the atmofphere that we 

 always judge when we term the weather cold or hot; 

 but the atmofphere derives the greater pat t of its heat 

 from its communication with land or w.iter. The ri- 

 gours, therefore, of the winter's cold arc tempered by 

 the heat imparted from the earth itfdf ; yet as the 

 earth parts but flowly with its heat, and as the furfacc 

 is found to be extremely cool, while the interior parts 

 arc heated to the degree of 40 or 50, and as the heat 

 of water is more equally diffufed, and more readily 

 parted with, it follows that the portion of air, which is 

 incumbent on the fea, will be of a warmer tempera- 

 ture in the extreme cold of winter than that which is 

 incumbent upon the land. 



I (lands are more temperate than continents, becaufe 

 they participate more of the temperature of the fea. 

 With refpecl to thofe countries alfo, which border on 

 the ocean, thofe which lie fouth of the Tea, at leaft in 

 our hemifphere, will be warmer than thofe which have 

 the fea to the fouth of them, becaufe the winds which 

 would cool them in winter, if they blew over-land, 

 are tempered by pafling over the fea, whereas thofe 

 which lie north of the fea are ccokd in fummer by the 

 breezes that proceed from it. 



Every 



