SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. xvii 



66. SAUTALACE.S;. Calyx 3-5-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens one ad- 

 uate to each calyx-lobe. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules several, pendulous from a 

 free central placenta. Shrubs or herbs, often root -parasites ; leaves usually 

 alternate, quite entire, exstipulate ; flowers inconspicuous, (p. 324.) 



67. AiusTOLOCHiEjE. C'afyx 3-lobed, or 1-2-lipped, valvate in bud. Sta- 

 mens 6-12, epigynous or gynandrous. Ovary 4-6-celled ; ovules many. 

 Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, exstipulate. (p. 325.) 



2. Calyx and corolla both absent (except in Buxus and Mercurialis). 

 (Achlamydece.) Floivers 1-sexual, often in a calyx-like involucre. 



68. EUPHORBIACE.E. Male fl.: Calyx or sepals 2 or more. Stamens 1 

 .or more ; anthers didymous. Female fl. : Ovary 2-3-lobeu and -celled ; 

 ovules 1-2 in each cell/peudulous ; styles 2-3. A Ibumen copious, fleshy. 

 Herbs or shrubs ; leaves various ; inflorescence often of many stamens and 

 1 pistil collected in a small calyx-like involucre, (p. 326.) 



69. CERATOPHYLLE*. Flowers 1-sexual, in an 8-12-partite involucre 

 with subulate segments. Male, of many anthers. Female, a 1-celled 

 ovary, with subulate persistent style and 1 pendulous ovule. A sub- 

 merged herb, with whorled multifid leaves : flowers very inconspicuous, 

 (p. 331). 



3. Flowers 1-sexual ; males and females or males only in catkins, spikes, 



or cones, with or without a perianth. See 71 CANNABINE^E. 



73. SALICINE^E. Flowers dioecious, without perianth, both sexes in 

 catkins. Male: stamens 1 or more to each scale. Female: Ovary solitary, 

 1-celled ; stigmas 2 ; ovules many, parietal. Capsule 2-valved. Trees ; 

 leaves alternate, stipulate ; catkins conspicuous, (p.. 334. ) 



74. CiiPULiFERiE. Flowers mon-dioscious. Males in catkins. Sepals 

 or 5 or more. Stamens 5-20. Females, sessile in an involucre of free or 

 connate bracts. Calyx superior, 5-6-toothed. Ovary 2-3-celled ; styles 

 2-3 ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, diy, indehiscent, seated 

 in the enlarged involucre. Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; 

 flowers small, green, (p. 343.) 



75. BETULACE-E. Flowers monoscious, in catkins. Male : Sepals or 

 scales 1 or more. Stamens one opposite each sepal. Female: Perianth 0. 

 Ovary 2-celled ; stigmas 2, filiform ; ovule 1 pendulous in each cell. Fruit 

 dry, small, indehiscent. Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; 

 flowers inconspicuous, (p. 345.) 



76. MYHICACE^E. Flowers of both sexes in catkins ; perianth 0. Male 

 of 4-8 stamens; anthers basifixed, bursting outwards. Female: Ovary 

 1-celled ; styles 2, filiform ; ovule 1, basal. Fruit a drape. A gjan- 

 dular shrub ; leaves alternate, exstipulate ; flowers very inconspicuous, 

 (p. 347.) 



77. CONIFERS. Perianth Q. Male flowers of 2-8-celled anthers, usually 

 forming a deciduous catkin. Female fl. of one or more naked ovules 

 (ovaries of some) on the scales of a cone or head, or of a solitary ovule 

 (Taxus). Albumen fleshy; embryo straight. Trees or shrubs; leaves 

 alternate opposite or fascicled ; flowers very inconspicuous, (p. 347.) 



b 



