xviii SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



CLASS II. MONOCOTYI.E'DONS. 



Stem with isolated vascular bundles scattered through the cellular 

 tissue. Leaves usually parallel-veined. Whorls of the perianth in 3's. 

 Embryo with 1 cotyledon ; the radicle usually remaining undeveloped, but 

 throwing out roots from its crown. 

 Exceptions. Leaves net-veined in 5 DIOSCORE.S, 8 LILIACE^E (1 Paris}, ami 1" 



AROiDEjE (1 Arum). Flowers 4-merous in 7 NAIADES, and 2-3-merous in 



15 GRAMINE^E. 



DIVISION I. Petaloid ese. 



Perianth usually petaloid, more or less brightly coloured, rarely green. 

 Exceptions are very numerous, but chiefly in Orders 7 Naiatlece, 9 //"'. 

 10 Aroulece, 11 Lemuacece, 12 Typhacece, and 13 Kriocauloneee. 

 1. Perianth superior. 



1. HYDROCHAKIDE^:. Flowers regular, 1-sexual. Perianth 6-partite, 

 outer segments herbaceous, inner petaloid (except in Anacharis). Sdnm-im 

 3 or more. Ovary 1- or 3-6-celled. Fruit a berry. "Water-plants ; leaves 

 erect or floating, flowers usually conspicuous, (p. 349.) 



2. ORCUIDK<. Flowers irregular, 2-sexual. Stamens 1 or 2, adnate to 

 the style. Ovary 1-cclled. Fruit capsular. Herbs of various habit. 

 (p. 351.) 



3. IRIDE.E. Flowers 2-sexnal. Perianth 6-partite, petaloid. Stamen 

 3, free ; anthers bursting outwards. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule 3-valved. 

 Herbs ; roots tuberous, or rootstock creeping ; leaves narrow ; (lowers 

 usually handsome, (p. 362.) 



4. AMAUYLUDE.K Flowers 2-sexual. Perinnth 6-partite, petaloid. 

 Stamens 6, free; anthers bursting inwards. Ovary 3-celled. 6W<///.- 

 3-valved. Herbs ; leaves narrow ; flowers usually handsome, (p. 364.) 



5. DIOSCOKE.E. Flowers 1-scxual. Perianth small, 6-ji:irtitc, In'rba- 

 ceous. Stamens 6 ; anthers bursting inwards. Ovary 3-celled. Berry 

 few-seeded. Climbing herbs ; leaves broad, with netted veins ; flowers 

 inconspicuous, (p. 366.) 



2. Perianth inferior, or often wanting. 

 * Carpels many, free, or slightly connate (solitary in various Naiadeae). 



6. ALISMACE^E. Flowers usually 2-sexual. Perianth 6-partite, outer 

 segments often herbaceous and inner petaloid. Stamens 6. Carpels 

 many. Fruit of many achenes ; albumen ; radicle veiy large. Marsh 

 or water herbs ; leaves radical ; flowers usually conspicuous, (p. 367.) 



7. NAIADEA Flowers 1-2-sexual. Perianth of 4 valvate sepals, or 

 imperfect or 0. Stamens as many as the sepals, or fewer. Carpels 1-4, 

 1-ovuled. Albumen ; radicle very large. Marsh or water plants ; 

 leaves radical or cauline ; flowers inconspicuous, green, (p. 369.) 



** Carpels solitary or connate into a \-Q-celled ovary (see 7 Naiadese). 



8. LILIACE.S:. Flowers usually 2-sexual. Perianth usually 6-partite 

 or of 6 pieces, and ]>etaloid. Stamens one opposite each perianth-segment. 

 Ovary 3-celled. Fruit various. Herbs (except Ruscus) of various habit ; 

 flowers usually showy, (p. 377. ) 



