xiv SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



1. Ovary inferior. (See also 58 PRIMULACE.E (8 Samolus) in 2.) 

 * Stamens epipetalous; see also 43 CAMPANULACE^: (1 Lobelia). 



38. CAPRIFOLIACE^E. Flowers regular or not. Corolla-lobes valvatc 

 or imbricate in bud. Ovary 1-5-celled, cells 1- or more-ovulcd. Seeds 

 albuminous. Shrubs, rarely herbs ; leaves opposite, exstipulate ; flowers 

 usually showy, (p. 173.) 



39. RuBiACE.E, Tribe STELLATE. Flowers regular. Corolla-lobes valvate 

 in bud. Ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled. Seeds albuminous. Herbs ; leaves 

 whorled or opposite, exstipulate ; flowers- small or minute, (p. 176.) 



40. VALERIANS^:. Flowers irregular. Corolla-lobes imbricate. Stamens 

 1-3 or 5, free. Ovary 1-3-celled, one cell 1-ovuled ; ovule pendulous. 

 Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs; leaves opposite ; flowers smalL (p. 181.) 



41. DirsACEwE. Flowers regular or not, in iuvolucrate heads. Corolla- 

 lobes imbricate. Stamens 4. Ovary 1-celled ; ovule 1, pendulous. Seeds 

 albuminous. Herbs; leaves opposite, exstipulate; flowers small, (p. 183.) 



42. COMPOSITE. Flowers in involucrate heads. Corolla-lobes valvate. 

 Stamens 4-5 ; anthers usually connate. Ovary 1-celled ; ovule 1, erect. 

 Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs, rarely shrubs ; leaves various, exstipulate ; 

 flowers small or minute, (p. 184.) 



** Stamens inserted on the top of tfie ovary. 



43. CAMPANULACE^E. Flmoers regular or irregular. Stamens 5, free or 

 connate. Ovary 2-8-celled, cells many-ovuled. Herbs; juice milky; 

 leaves alternate, exstipulate ; flowers usually showy, (p. 224. ) 



44. ERICACEAE, Suborder VACCINIE.E. Flowers regular. Stamens 

 8 or 10. Ovary 4-5-celled. Slender shrubs ; leaves alternate and 

 exstipulate. (p. 229.) . 



2. Ovary superior. Stamens epipetalous (hypogynous in some ERICACEAE, 

 in 52 PLANTAGINE^E (2 Littorella), and in 59 Pwn 



* Corolla regular, except sometimes in 50 Borragineae and 51 Solancao ; 

 placentas axile or parietal. 



44. ERICACEAE, Suborder ERICE.E. Stamens usually twice as many as 

 the corolla-lobes ; anthers opening usually by pores or transversely. 

 Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs ; leaves various, exstipulate ; flowers small. 

 (p. 229.) 



45. OLEINE.E. Calyx 4-fid or 0. Corolla 4-lobed or 0. Stamens 2. 

 Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-3-ovuled. Fruit a drupe or samara. Trees or 

 shrubs; leaves opposite, exstipulate; flowers small, (p. 237.) 



46. APOCYNE^E. Calyx 4-5-tid. Corolla 4-5-lobed, contorted in bud. 

 Stamens 4-5 ; anthers basifixed. Carpels 2, free below. Fruit of 2 fol- 

 licles. Shrubs ; leaves opposite, quite entire ; flowers often showy. 

 (p. 238.) 



47. GENTIANE.E. Calyx 4-8-fid. Corolla 4-8-lobed, contorted in l.nd. 

 frmnais 4-8 ; anthers versatile. Ovary 1-celled; ovules many, parietal. 

 Fruit usually capsular. Herbs; leaves opposite, quite entire (alternate, 

 3-foliolate in Menyanthes) ; flowers often showy, (p. 239.) 



48. Pt>Li:MuNiA<-K.s. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobcd, contorted in bud. 



