x SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



Petals more or less adherent or coherent occur in : 5, FUMARIACE* ; 10, POLY- 

 GALE^: ; 13, PORTULACE.E ; 14*, TAMARISCINK.*: ; 17, MALVACEAE ; 21, ILICI- 

 NE,E ; 29, CBABSULAOKa (2 Cotyledon) ; 30, CUCURBITACE*:. 



SUB-DIVISION 1. Thalamifio'rse. Stamem inserted on the receptacle 

 (hypogynous) free from the calyx, or on a disk that terminates the pedicel. 

 Ovary superior. 



Exceptions. Stamens apparently perigynous or epigynous in 3 Nymphceacece 

 (1 Xympltcea) and 14 Paronychiece. See also 30 Droseraceee ; Parnassia 

 in 23 Saxifrages ; and 44 Ericaceae. 



* Pistil apocarpous, carpels 1 or more ; ovules stitural or lasal. (See also 

 17 Malvaceae and 20 Geraniaceae.) 



1. EANUNCULACE^E. Flowers regular or irregular. Stamens indefinite ; 

 anthers basifixed, opening by slits. Seeds albuminous. Herbs with al- 

 ternate leaves (except Clematis), (p. 1.) 



2. BERBERinEjE. Floivers regular, 3-merons. Stamens definite, opposite 

 the petals ; anthers basifixed, opening by recurved valves. Seeds albumi- 

 nous. Shrubs ; leaves alternate ; flowers often showy, (p. 12.) 



** Pistil syncarpous, 1-celled (except 3 Nymphsoacese), or 2-celled by a 

 membranous septum ; ovules parietal, rarely basal. 



3. NYMPH^ACEJB. Flowers regular. Stamens indefinite ; anthers basi- 

 fixed. Ovary many-celled ; ovules scattered over the walls of the cells ; 

 stigmas sessile. Seeds albuminous. Water-herbs; flowers showy, (p. 1.'5.) 



4. PAPAVERACE.E. Flowers regular, 2-merous. Stamens indefinite; an- 

 thers basifixed. Ovules parietal or on the surfaces of partial dissepiments ; 

 style 1 or stigmas sessile. Seeds albuminous. Herbs ; juice milky ; 

 leaves alternate, exstipulate ; flowers usually showy, (p. 14.) 



5. FUMAKIACE.E. Flowers irregular. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens 6 

 in 2 bundles. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules many parietal, or 1 (by suppression ) 

 basal ; style 1 or 0. Seeds albuminous. -Weak herbs with exstipulate 

 alternate leaves ; flowers usually small, (p. 17.) 



6. CRUCIFER.E. Flowers usually regular. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamen* 

 usually 6, 4 longer than the others. Ovary 1-2-celled, of 2 carpels ; ovules 

 parietal ; style 1 or 0. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs ; leaves exstipuhttc, 

 alternate ; flowers usually small and ebracteate. (p. 19.) 



7. RESEDACE^:. Flmvers irregular. Sepals and petals 4-7 each. Stamens 

 indefinite. Ovary 1-celled, of 2-6 carpels, at length open at the top ; 

 ovules parietal ; stigmas sessile. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs ; leaves 

 alternate, stipules glandular or ; flowers small, greenish, (p. 41.) 



8. CISTINE*. Flowers regular. Sepals 3-5. Petals 5. Stamens indefi- 

 nite. Ovary 1-celled, of 3 carpels ; ovules parietal ; styles 3. Seeds 

 albuminous. Shrubs ; leaves usually stipulate ; flowers yellow or red, 

 showy ; petals fugacious, (p. 42. ) 



9. VioLACE.fi. Flowers irregular. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each. 

 Ovary 1-celled ; ovules parietal ; style 1. Capsule 3-valved, loculicidal. 

 Seeds albuminous. Herbs ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; flowers often 

 ehowy. (p. 43.) 



