34 CRUCIFER& [CociiLEARiA. 



13. COCHLEARIA, L. SCURVY-GRASS. 



Perennial herbs. Leaves entire or pinnate. Flmvers small, white. Sepals 

 short, equal, spreading. Petals shortly clawed. Pod sessile or shortly 

 stalked, oblong or globose; valves turgid, reticulate ; septum often impi-r- 

 fect ; stigma simple or capitate. Seeds few or many, 2-seriate, not mar- 

 gined, tubercled. Cotyledons accumbent. DISTRIB. Temp, and Arctic 

 regions, chiefly littoral or Alpine ; species 25. ETYM. cochlea, from the 

 form of the leaves. The native British species form a veiy well denned 

 group of variable littoral plants, confined to N.W. Europe and the 

 Arctic regions ; but there are exotic species with the habit of .AW/-- 



* Valves with a dorsal nerve. 



1. C. officinalis, L. ; radical leaves cordate at the base, pod sub- 

 globose, valves reticulate, style very short. C. polymor'pha, Syme. 

 Sea-shores and high mountains ; fl. May-Aug. Stems 4-10 in. glabrous, fleshy. 



many, ascending from the annual biennial or perennial rootstock. I-'/mn ,> 



J-^in. diam. Pod, -i in. diam., cells 4-6-seeded. DISTRIB. Arctic and 



sub- Arctic shores and Alps of W. Europe, N. Asia and N. America. A valuable 



antiscorbutic. 

 Sub-sp. OFFICINA'LIS proper ; radical leaves deeply cordate orbicular or reni- 



form, cauline amplexicaul angled toothed or lobed, pod nearly globose. 



Muddy sea-shores. 

 Sub-sp. ALPI'NA, Watson; radical and cauline leaves as in offifinafit, pod 



rhomboid-oblong narrowed at both ends. C. grmihui! dica, Sm. Mountains, 



ascending to near 4,000 ft. 

 Sub-sp. DAN'ICA, L. (sp.); radical leaves deltoid lobed cordate at the base, 



lower cauline similar petioled, upper amplexicaul also lobed, pod as in 



alpina. Sandy and muddy shores, common in England, rarer in Scotland 



and Ireland. 



2. C. ang'lica, L. ; radical leaves oblong-rhomboid or ovate not cordate 

 entire lobed or angled, cauline 4-amplexicaul, pod oblong or obovoid 

 inflated much constricted at the suture, valves reticulate, style slender. 

 Muddy shores, in England, Wigton in Scotland, rare in Ireland ; fl. May-July. 



Much larger than any form of C. officinat-is, with branches 10-18 in. 

 Leaves more fleshy, narrower, and pod very different, almost .J in., style 

 longer. DISTRIB. N. and W. Europe, Arctic and sub- Arctic Asia and 

 America. 



** Valves with no dorsal nerve. ARMORA'CIA, Rupp. (gen.). 



C. ARMORA'CIA, L. ; leaves linear-oblong obtuse deeply regularly crenate, 



radical long-petioled, cauline narrower sessile, racemes panicled, pods 



(immature) obovoid on long slender pedicels. Horse-radish. 



Ditches, corners of fields, &c. ; an alien or denizen (?) Walxon ; fl. May-June. 



Rootstock stout, long, cylindric. Leaves 8-12 in., radical 3-5 in. broad, on 



petioles 1 ft., waved with many spreading reticulate nerves, cordate cuneate 



or unequal at the base ; cauline many, 4-8 in., ^-1 in. broad, more serrate 



than toothed. Flowers $ in- diam. Pod never ripening in this country : 



style slender ; stigma large, capitate ; seeds described as 8-12 in a cell, 



smooth. DISTRIB. Origin unknown. I have not seen ripe pods ; it is 



possibly a cultivated form of C. inacrocarpa, W. and K., a native of Hungary. 



