40 CRUCIFER^E. [!SATIS. 



petioles long ; cauline 3-5 in., sessile. Flower* % in. diam. , in crowded panicled 

 corymbs. Pods % in., in short racemes, pendulous, glabrous, brown when 

 ripe, rounded at the tip ; wing hard ; stigma sessile in a minute notch ; 

 seed linear-oblong. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia. The Ancient Britons stained 

 themselves with this plant ; later, the Saxons imported it ; it is still culti- 

 vated in Lincolnshire. 



22. CRAM BE, L. SEA-KALE. 



Perennial herbs with stout branched steins. Leaves usually broad. 

 Flowers white, in long panicled racemes. Sepals spreading, equal. /,"//'/</ 

 filaments often with a tooth on the outside. Pod indehiseent, 2 -jointed, 

 lower joint slender, seedless, forming a pedicel to the upper, which is 

 globose 1 -celled and 1 -seeded ; stigma sessile. Seed globose, pendulous 

 from a basal funicle ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate. DISTKIB. 

 Europe and W. Asia ; species 16. ETYM. The Greek name of the plant. 



1 . C. marit'ima, L. ; leaves broad waved toothed or piunatifid. 

 Sandy and shingly sea-coasts, rare, from Fife and Isla southwards ; very rare in 

 Ireland ; fl. June-Aug. Rootstock as thick as the thumb, fleshy, burrowing ; 

 branches 1-2 ft., spreading. Leaves 6-10 in., fleshy, petiolate, brockuy 

 ovate -cordate oblong or orbicular, glabrous and glaucous ; upper few and 

 small. Corymbs in large much-branched panicles. Flowers ^ in. diam., white : 

 shorter filaments toothed near the tip externally. Pods $ in., on slender 

 ascending pedicels 1 in. DISTRIB. Coasts of Europe, from Finland to the 

 Bay of Biscay and the Black Sea. Formerly eaten wild, cultivated for 

 about 200 years in England, whence it was introduced to the Continent. 



23. CAKI LE, Gcertn. SEA KOCKET. 



Annual, large, fleshy, branched herbs. Leaves entire or pinnatifid. 

 Flowers white or purplish. Lateral sepals gibbous at the base. /W 

 indehiscent, of 2 angular 1-celled joints ; upper joint deciduous, com- 

 pressed, with 1 basal seed ; lower cuneate, 2-edged, with 1 pendulous seed ; 

 stigma sessile. Cotyledons accumbent, sometimes oblique. I>ISTKII:. Sea- 

 shores of Europe and N. America ; species 2. ETYM. An Arabic word. 

 1 . C. marit'ima, L. ; suberect or decumbent, leaves entire or lobed. 

 Sandy and shingly shores, abundant ; fl. June-July. Annual ; rather succu- 

 lent ; branches 1-2 ft., zigzag, ascending. Leaves 2-3 in., fleshy. ]'/*,, n , -a 

 in. diam., corymbose, lilac or white ; pedicels stout. Pods on short thick 

 p3dicels in lax racemes, ribbed when dry; lower joint in., broadish 

 upwards; upper \ in., base truncate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, Iceland. 

 C. america na, which appears to me identical with this, is found on the 

 shrres of the Canadian Lakes, as well as on the American sea-coasts, south 

 to the W. Indies. 



24-. RAPH ANUS. L. RADISH. 



Annual or biennial herbs. Radical leaves lyrate. Ffoirrrft in IOIILC 

 racemes, white or yellow, purple-veined. Sepals erect, lateral saccate :it 

 the base. Pod elongate, indehiscent, or separating intu L-Meded joints, 

 terete or monilifonn, coriaceous or corky, with several superimpose,' 

 1-seeded cellules ; style or beak of the pod slender ; stigma notched 

 Seeds pendulous, globose ; cotyledons conduplicate or much folded. 



